What Are The Benefits Of Eco Briquettes Environmental Sciences Essay

What Are The Benefits Of Eco Briquettes Environmental Sciences Essay Unsustainable of earths resources and environmental problems are major current problems that occurred by over consumption and inefficient way of using. Climate change, resource depletion, loss of biodiversity, and air pollution has a major impact on many citizens and the earth which require people change their current behavior. Climate change and global warming are part of serious issues these days and are also part of the most important global environmental challenges, with implications for food production, water supply, health, energy and so on. Addressing climate change requires a good scientific understanding as well as coordinated action at national and global level from. PTT 328 PTT is the largest energy company in Thailand which the groups principal activity is the operation of petroleum business. The Group also engages in the exploration and production of petroleum, operation of natural gas, international trading of crude oil, condensate, petroleum and petrochemical products and investment in domestic refining and petrochemical industries. Its vision and mission are to be the preeminent Thai energy corporation, operating fully integrated oil and gas business, and total energy services. PTT has a clear goal over Quality, Safety, Health and Environment (QSHE). Regarded as the core component of sustainable development, QSHE has been analyzed and assessed with the needs of the stakeholders in mind. In conducting energy businesses, it is inevitable for operators to face risks concerning Quality, Safety, Health, and Environment (QSHE). Concerning this, PTT has constantly paid full attention to the control, prevention, and minimization of these risks faced by sta keholders; customers, suppliers, contractors, shareholders, communities, staff, and the environment as a whole. The company has applied productivity tools and QSHE management systems in all its units to improve its efficiency and the quality of life of staff and communities, and to steadily promote image in the companys social and environmental responsibilities. These measures have successfully instilled greater confidence in investors and favored PTTs international business undertaking. However, sustainable building of business also covers the product which its property and production process is environmentally responsible and resource-efficient throughout a buildings life-cycle. All of these elements have to concern of economy, utility, durability, and comfort. Biomass briquette is an ideal biomass fuel which can enhance the PTTs environmental performance more effective and visual because this the product including raw material, production process and new technologies are develope d to create greener activities to reduce the overall impact of the built environment on human health and the natural environment by: Efficiently using energy, water, and other resources Protecting occupant health and improving employee productivity Recycling waste, reducing pollution and environmental degradation. Biomass briquettes Biomass briquettes are an affordable alternative fuel to coal and other solid combustible fuels which are produced by converting low bulk density biomass into high density solid fuels (Werther et al. 2000). Biomass briquetting plants are consisted of various types of machines to support different raw materials (KriÃ…Â ¾an et al. 2009). Biomass briquettes are non-conventional source of energy, renewable in nature, eco friendly, non-polluting and economical (Wilaipon 2007). In addition, it has been claimed thatà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.the process of converting biomass to solid fuel is also non-polluting; therefore the process and product are 100 % natural. Briquette is an ideal Bio-fuel because of the following reasons: Eco friendly renewable energy fuel. Economical and cheaper than other solid fuels. Thermal calorific value approximately 4000 Kcal/Kg. Pollution free non-hazardous. Lower ash content 4% 8%. There is no fly ash when burnt. Consistent high burning efficiency. Easy for transportation, feeding, and combustion. Combustion is more uniform. Biomass briquettes are an alternative green energy to coal, and are usually used to fire industrial boilers that produce steam including business which requires burn. Production process 400 Every year Thailand has millions of tons of agricultural wastes are generated. These agricultural wastes are treated a waste with no economic value and either none used or burnt inefficiently in their loose form causing air pollution. However, this waste can be turned into a completely environment-friendly source of energy through briquetting (Biomass briquettes Replacing coal and LPG.article). Groundnut shell Bamboo dust Paddy straw Sunflower stalk Tea waste Tobacco waste Bagasse (Sugarcane waste) Saw dust Coffee husk Wheat straw Mustard Jute waste Forestry wastes Cotton stalk Palm husk Wood chips Rice husk Reeds Soybeans husk Other agro wastes Table1. Sorts of raw material (based on Werther et al. 2000) Biomass briquettes are manufactured by the process of recycling agricultural wastes and forestry wastes. The machinery used is compatible with multiple agricultural wastes. The agro waste is first pulverized, sieved and then dried to required moisture content. This is then fed into the hopper of fuel briquette machine, which uses high compression between die and punch resulting into cylindrical briquettes. Cylindrical briquettes are thus formed due to carbonization, achieved by heating of surface. Figure1. The Biomass briquettes production process (based on Callejà ³n Ferre and Là ³pez Martà ­nez 2009) Process of Briquetting: Firstly, crushing machine prepares suitable size raw material for biomass briquetting plant by shredding the raw material after it is fed into the machine. After that a tiled metal screen will vibrate shredded remains until it separates from soil. Then, the remains plant materials were passed into a tank of continuous washing consists of a pivot drum made of screen. After washing the plant material, water is contaminated and low quality, it is brought to purify by water-purification system which is contained in the lowest of the tank. This system allows reused water for briquetting process. Secondly, drying machine prepare suitable moisture raw material for biomass briquette press. For briquetting press, it is only to control the moisture of raw material at a reasonable range that can make good result of biomass briquettes. Or the briquettes will be broken because of too loose or too dry. Thirdly, briquetting press machine makes the biomass material into briquettes. After the well pr eparation of raw metarial, briquetting is easy at right operation of biomass briquette press. When machine rise to over 300 centigrade, the material can be feeding continuously into briquetting press. First, the color of briquettes may be a little dark even black, but after a while, the color will be light to normal level coming out of biomass briquette machine. Finally, packing is the last process of briquetting process which the packing machine will load final biomass briquettes and then wrap with a thermal shrink wrap by thermal shrink wrapping machine Finished Product Briquettes Briquettes are ready substitute of lignite, coal and wood in industrial boiler and brick kiln for thermal application including households daily life. Biomass briquettes are non-conventional source of energy, eco-friendly, renewable in nature, non polluting and economical. Its made through binder less technique without use of any type of chemical so it is 100% natural. Compared to fire wood or loose biomass, briquettes give much higher boiler efficiency because of low moisture and higher density. Marketing 200 Explain how it could be marketed (academic resources) According to (Suksumek 2007) pollution problem by using lignite at Mae Moh Power plant in Thailand in 1992 and causing bad effect to villagers, power plant employees and crop of local communities, it creates negative image of using lignite and coal which Thai government solves the problem by import coal from oversea. Therefore, it is a good opportunity to market biomass briquette product in Thailand. The manufacturing, located in Thailand, provides a geographical advantage to Tesco because it is populatedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Moreover, demand consumption of coal is high while low competition in clean fuel product as biomass briquette. Unit: Ktoe Table1. Forecast on Primary Energy Demand (based on Suksumek 2007) The multiple usage of the end product enables us to exploit the opportunities in both commercial and industrial markets. Our plant will cater to the SA and UK industrial and domestic commercial market such as steel manufacturing plants or electrical plants.There are plenty of potential markets for fuel briquettes in the cities and in the rural areas. The potential customers for the briquettes: Refractory Industries Gasifies System App Lamination Industries Spinning Mill Leather Industries Ceramic Industries Textile units Vegetable Plants Solvent Extraction Plant Rubber Industries Food Processing Industries Dyeing Units Milk Plant Any Industrial Thermal App Brick Making Units Chemical Industries Marketing Approaches Sponsorship: The plan recommends motivating customers perception and also improves customer relationships in term of green company and green product by integrating green initiatives into every aspect of the organization which links the association of the company and briquette product with an individual, event or organization to display in social responsibility. Using eco-labels and eco-logos on products or marketing materials: The plan aims to emphasize in term of green product by putting eco-label and eco-logos on briquettes packaging to increase customers awareness. Engaging customers in green marketing: The marketing plan will motivate consumers by encouraging them to participate and engage in the campaign or directly with the product through green clubcard. E-marketing: In term of viral marketing, the plan will target online resources like Tescos website chatroom, article media, emails online events and will sell the product through Tescos own website. Personal Selling: Due to briquette is low-value product and it is required to use in many industries; therefore face-to-face contact provides better opportunity to sell briquette for large quantity to industries. Distribution 45% of the product is exported to the UK retaining 55% of it for the Thailand market. Distribution in Thailand will be done directly to clients upon placing an order or known as Just-In-Time because the briquette products lead time is short. Moreover, it is available in every branches of Tesco store in Thailand while it is available in Tesco extra in UK. However, there is some amount of product storaged in warehouse to support an emergency. http://refrigeratedtrans.com/2010-emissions/testa_produce_building_green_distribution_center_0412/ Packing: Due to property of product and distance of transportation, the biomass briquette product would require strong and waterproof packaging. For this reasons, Thermal Shrink wrapping which is inexpensive and environmentally friendly is used as packaging of product. This elastic plastic wrap can also used to protect product when it is not in use. Moreover, it can be used for big and small items; therefore it provides an advantage to product and company for future development. In this process, briquettes are fed into the packing machine, heat is used to condense the sheets of packing material to mold, or shrink to the form of the content it will protect. Delivery Briquettes have high specific density; therefore it can withstand the stocks of long distance transport, loading and unloading. Furthermore, transportation costs are much less and storage requirement is drastically reduced. For delivery both in case of shipment and transportation, this plan concerns about climate change and environment friendly, and purposes to improve carbon footprint. The product will be delivered with sharing lorry by working in partnership with other companies and suppliers in domestic and international.   For our own transportation, we will use more and more double-decker trailers, which carry 55 percent more products per journey (single deck: 45, double deck: 75 cages per trip). In addition, battery-powered vans are making deliveries for our online store, Tesco.com which will save around 180 tonnes of CO2 each year. From these effective deliveries, Tesco can reduce CO2 emission, save cost and gain higher profit. Conclusion 150

Places in Gullivers Travels Essay -- essays research papers

Places In Gulliver's Travels By: Jonathan Swift Gulliver's Travels has several places that Gulliver visits. In this paper we will take a look a in-depth look at each of the places that Gulliver visits. In my opion Gulliver parelles many places to is home country, England. Lets take a look at the first stop in Gulliver's travels, Lilliput. Lilliput is inhabitited by people who are only six inches tall. Gulliver seems like a gigant. The Liliputians have a structured government and social lifestyles. The government has a senate, officials, a council, and an emperor. The government has several parrells to the England government. Gulliver tells us that these competitions, to choose the officials, who can 'Dance on the Rope', are often the cause of fatal accidents. Flimnap, in fact, would havekilled himself ina recent fall had not one of the king's "cushions" broken his fall. The king's "cushion" represents George I's mistress, who aided Walpole in his return to power after a "fall." Another comparison between Lilliput and England, Reldresal, a Lilliputian government officer. He represents Walpole's successor, he payed Gulliver a special visit. His purpose is to acquaint Gulliver further with domestic and international pol itics, and to enlist Gulliver for assists in protecting their land from invasion, corresponding to the Tories and the treats to France. In Lilliput, the warring parties are the High-Heels , the Tories, and the Low-Heels , the Whigs. Just as George I favored teh Whigs, so the Lilliputian emperor favors teh Low-Heels. Just as George I's successor, the Prince of Wales, indicated favor to both parties, the Lilliputian heir to the throne wears one high heel and one low. Although several things are parralleled to England some things are not the same. They both have punishment system that are based on different ideas, were as the Englandjudiciary system is based on on punishment, the Lilliputians judiciary system has its rewards for following the rules. They also have very stiff punishments for unjustly accusing another of a crime. If at a latter point in time the accused person is fround innocent, the person who wrongfully accused is put to an creul death and the un justly accused is rewa rded materially, and also recieves a title from the emperor. Upon leavin... ...y that is perfectly ordered, perfectly peaceful, except for the Yahoos, and exempt from the topsy-turviness of passion. In thier society there is also no crime, poverty, unhappiness but also their is no joy, passion, ecstatic love. Everything is done on an even keel. The Houyhnhnms are the representation of the perfect human culture. The marriages are arranged and the couples have no more feelings for each other than for any one else. The Yahoos are human-like, and are keep in a kennel, and prohibited from having anything to do with the Houyhnhnms. The Yahoo had arrived on thier island by acident. These people are less civilzed than the Houyhnhnms. They represent the lowest traits in human nature. They are gluttonous, filthy, lascivious, theiving, violentbrutes. Only physically do they resemble civilized people. They started out on the country only two Yahoo, and as they had children and their children had children they also lost the cilivilation and needed to be around other peo ple to stay civilized. In a way this represent the way Gulliver wanted him home country England to be, perfect in its ways. But what would they have done with the Yahoos that they would have incountered?

Environment Issue Essay

I choose to have quantity of water over the quality of it. We all know that water, is a inportant in our daily life. It is a fact that our body is composed of 75 percent water and it is understandable that water is the most essential ingredient of our daily life. A person can survive without eating in a span of 1 month, but no one can survive with more than 3 days without water. Aside from the fact that our earth covers 70% of water only 1% percent of it serve as a reliable source of drinking. Therefore it is important to increase the quantity of available water for drinking to supply the growing public demands for rehidration. (Audet p. 1) As we enter to globalization, the rise in population creates an impact to society in water consumption. Modernization and continued growth in infrastracture creates an environmental impact in our society. Continued contamination to primary source of water is a major reason why we need a quantity of available water for drinking. This one reason, I chose quantity of water over quality. It may also be relatec to the modern ways of water filtration. With the help of modern technology and comprehensive reaseach for clean water, it shows that the increase on the quantity of water is more important than quality. There are already existing ways to create a clean water to drink out of contaminated water. One of which is the Bioremediation. It is an evironmental process for water purification and has the capability to convert contaminated water to a suitable water for drinking. (Audet p. 1) In relation to the case of Las Vegas campaign for water shortage, increasing the quantity of water promotes growth for the so called Sin City. Studies shows, the population of Las Vegas City doubled up its population upon hitting the year 1990. Due to this significant growth of the city population, sourcing water for rehidration became an issue as the primary source of water (Colorado River) reported worst drought in its history. (Hutchinson p. 1). In fact, the primary Question here is how to contain the demands of water for the growing city of Las Vegas.Therefore, a campaign to increase the quantity of water can address the issue on water shortage of the city. Reference Marye Audet (n. d). Water Filtration Systems: Clean Drinking Water for All. 2007 Hubpages Inc. : http://hubpages. com/hub/Water-Filtration-Systems-Clean-Drinking-Water-for-All Alex Hutchinson (2007). Las Vegas Tries to Prevent a Water Shortage. 2008 Hearst Communications, Inc: http://www. popularmechanics. com/science/earth/4210244. html

Intercultural Comm Final Study Guide - 3228 Words

Chapter 4 – Communicating Across Cultures Multiple Choice Questions 1. Which of the following does not constitute a normal interpersonal communication task for managers? a. coordinate activities b. disseminate information c. motivate employees d. give speeches at conferences (moderate, page 126) 2. According to communication researchers Samovar, Porter, and Jain, ______________. a. cultural factors pervade the communication process (difficult, page 126) b. noise is always equally present in cross-cultural communication c. culture does not influence with whom we choose to speak d. communication behavior is not largely dependent on culture 3. All of the following are part of a person’s life space EXCEPT:†¦show more content†¦Eastern Europeans b. Arabs c. South Americans d. Northern Europeans (moderate, page 134) 20. Which of the following characteristics is NOT true of people in a high-contact culture? a. prefer to touch a great deal b. live in warmer climates c. are more individualistic (moderate, page 134) d. prefer to stand close 21. ______________ and ______________ are elements of paralanguage. a. Rate of speech; kinesic behavior b. Tone of voice; language c. Vocal inflection; tone of voice (difficult, page 135) d. All of the above 22. Changing the meaning of words by changing the inflection of your voice is an example of _______. a. paralanguage (moderate, page 135) b. oculesics c. object language d. proxemics 23. Which of the following is an example of paralanguage? a. widening your eyes b. moving closer to the listener c. speaking faster (moderate, page 135) d. using a translator 24. Which of the following statements about time systems is true? a. Monochronic time systems are linear; polychronic systems have a past, present, and future. b. Monochronic time systems have a past, present, and future; polychronic systems have the simultaneous occurrence of many events. (difficult, page 135) c. Monochronic time systems are non-linear, polychronic systems have a past, present, and future. d. Monochronic systems have the simultaneous occurrence of many events; polychronic systems areShow MoreRelatedAn Intern At The University Public Relations Program2695 Words   |  11 Pagestraining is part of the problem. It was also noted that younger professionals, within my generation, don t have the training or the background to make good, ethical decisions. They just don t know any better. (Bernardino, 2011). In similar fashion, a study from the Ethics Resource Center looked at trends within the four generation groups of Traditionalists, Boomers, Gen X, and Millennials. Younger workers were found to be more at risk as measured by four ethical performance standards: misconduct, pressure